MODIS and HYSPLIT data to study anthropogenic glaciation of supercooled liquid-water clouds

Abstract

We used MODIS (https://modis-images.gsfc.nasa.gov/_docs/C6MOD06OPUserGuide.pdf) and HYSPLIT (https://www.ready.noaa.gov/HYSPLIT.php) data to study the anthropogenic glaciation of supercooled liquid-water clouds. We used MODIS data to identify glaciation events and compare the properties of glaciation-affected areas to the nearby unaffected areas. We used HYSPLIT to simulate aerosol dispersion downwind air pollution sources. We sampled the time series of anthropogenic glaciation events for the years 2000 to 2021 for five different aerosol sources. The five sources were a copper smelter in Rouyn-Noranda (Latitude 48.2530°, Longitude -79.0163°), Canada; an oil refinery in Regina (Latitude 50.4849°, Longitude -104.5763°), Canada; metallurgical plant in Cherepovets (Latitude 59.1442°, Longitude 37.8482°), Russia; cement plants in Fokino (Latitude 53.4445°, Longitude 34.4092°) and Volsk (Latitude 52.0517°, Longitude 47.4355°), Russia.