2026-05-06T16:45:54Zhttps://datadoi.ee/oai/request

oai:datadoi.ee:33/3352021-11-16T08:37:50Zcom_33_403com_33_3col_33_404

Electromechanically active polymer actuators based on biofriendly choline ionic liquids Elhi, Fred Priks, Hans Rinne, Pille Kaldalu, Niilo Žusinaite, Eva Johanson, Urmas Aabloo, Alvo Tamm, Tarmo Põhako-Esko, Kaija polypyrrole actuator conductive polymer choline ionic liquid toxicity MIC CC50 Smart and soft electroactive polymer actuators have many beneficial properties, making them attractive for biomimetic and biomedical applications. However, the selection of components to fabricate biofriendly composites has been limited. Although biofriendly options for electrodes and membranes are available, the conventional ionic liquids (ILs) often used as the electrolytes in the actuators have been considered toxic in varying degrees. Here we present a smart electroactive composite with carefully designed and selected components that have shown low toxicity and a biofriendly nature. In the present study, polypyrrole-PVdF trilayer actuators using six different choline ILs were prepared and characterized. Choline ILs have shown promise in applications where low environmental and biological impact is critical. Despite this, the anions in ILs have a strong impact on toxicity. To evaluate how the anions effect the bioactivity of the ILs used to prepare the actuators, the ILs were tested on different microbial cultures (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Shewanella oneidensis MR-1) and HeLa cells. All of the selected choline ILs showed minimal toxic effects even at high concentrations. Electro-chemomechanical characterization of the actuators indicated that polypyrrole-PVdF actuators with choline ILs are viable candidates for soft robotic applications. From the tested ILs, choline acetate showed the highest strain difference and outperformed the reference system containing an imidazolium-based IL. 2021-03-30T08:41:34Z 2021-03-30T08:41:34Z 2020-03-11 dataset related to publication info:eu-repo/semantics/dataset https://datadoi.ee/handle/33/335 http://dx.doi.org/10.23673/re-277 H2020/793377 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-665X/ab7f24 info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess application/zip