Title of the Datasets
Dataset 1: ES_and_cultural_dimensions_without_economic_freedom.csv
Dataset 2: ES_and_cultural_dimensions_with_economic_freedom.csv

Description
Dataset 1:
This dataset contains the merged data from the Enterprise Surveys (ES) and cultural dimensions proposed by Kaasa and Minkov (2022). It includes data on various firm characteristics and cultural dimensions for 4,894 observations from 37 countries.

Dataset 2:
This dataset contains the merged data from the Enterprise Surveys (ES), cultural dimensions proposed by Kaasa and Minkov (2022), and the Economic Freedom Index from the Fraser Institute. It includes data on various firm characteristics, cultural dimensions, and economic freedom for 4,193 observations from 33 countries.

File Naming Convention
The files are named to reflect their content:

ES_and_cultural_dimensions_without_economic_freedom.csv
ES_and_cultural_dimensions_with_economic_freedom.csv

Format
CSV (Comma-Separated Values)

Contact Information
Author: Elchin Aghazada
Institution: University of Tartu
Address: Narva mnt 18, 51009 Tartu

Methodological Information
Data Collection and Processing
Enterprise Surveys (ES):
The ES data were collected by the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, the European Investment Bank, and the World Bank Group during 2018-2020. The survey captures various firm characteristics, including R&D expenditures, gender of top manager, training opportunities, and innovation metrics.

Cultural Dimensions:
The cultural dimensions data are based on the model proposed by Kaasa and Minkov (2022), which includes freedom-concern and responsibility-faith dimensions.

Dataset 1: Data Merging and Filtering
ES data were merged with the cultural dimensions dataset, retaining only countries present in both datasets.
Responses such as "Don’t know" and "Does not apply" were excluded.
freedom_vs_concern and responsibility_vs_faith variables' values were rescaled to range from 1-10.
Missing data are indicated with standard NA values in the dataset.
Dataset 2: Data Merging and Filtering
ES data were merged with the cultural dimensions dataset, retaining only countries present in both datasets.
Responses such as "Don’t know" and "Does not apply" were excluded.
The Economic Freedom Index was further merged with the yielded dataset.
freedom_vs_concern and responsibility_vs_faith variables' values were rescaled to range from 1-10.
The overall Economic Freedom Index scores were averaged for each country from 2018-2020 and rescaled to range from 1-10.
Missing data are indicated with standard NA values in the dataset.
Software Used:

Software: RStudio
Version: 2021.09.0

Data Specific Information
Column Headings and Definitions
Common Columns in Both Datasets:

Firm_ID: Firm identifier.
country: Country name.
Product_Innovation: Whether any new or significantly improved products or services were introduced over the last 3 years, 1=”Yes”, 0=”No”.
Process_Innovation: Whether any new or significantly improved processes were introduced over the last 3 years, 1=”Yes”, 0=”No”.
freedom_vs_concern: Freedom of speech, expression, life choices, and leisure vs. concern with unfamiliarity, order, and resource security.
responsibility_vs_faith: Valuing independence, self-reliance vs. faith in God, nation, authority, and tradition.
RnD: Whether the establishment spent on R&D activities in the last 3 years, 1=”Yes”, 0=”No”.
Firm_Age: Logarithm of the number of years since the company started to operate.
Training: Whether a firm had formal training programmes for its employees over the fiscal year, 1=”Yes”, 0=”No”.
Female_Manager: 1 if the main respondent’s gender is female, 0 otherwise.
International_Certification: Whether the firm has an internationally-recognized quality certification, 1=”Yes”, 0=”No”.

Additional Column in Dataset 2:
economic_freedom: Rescaled Economic Freedom Index scores (1-10) reflecting the level of economic freedom in each country.

Sharing and Access Information
License: CC BY-NC